Special rules

For purposes of this section, in the case of an unmarried individual whose spouse is deceased on the date of the sale or exchange of property, the period such unmarried individual owned and used such property shall include the period such deceased spouse owned and used such property before death.

For purposes of this section—

(A) Property transferred to individual from spouse or former spouse In the case of an individual holding property transferred to such individual in a transaction described in section 1041(a), the period such individual owns such property shall include the period the transferor owned the property.

(B) Property used by former spouse pursuant to divorce decree, etc. Solely for purposes of this section, an individual shall be treated as using property as such individual’s principal residence during any period of ownership while such individual’s spouse or former spouse is granted use of the property under a divorce or separation instrument.

(C) Divorce or separation instrument For purposes of this paragraph, the term “divorce or separation instrument” means— (i) a decree of divorce or separate maintenance or a written instrument incident to such a decree, (ii) a written separation agreement, or (iii) a decree (not described in clause (i)) requiring a spouse to make payments for the support or maintenance of the other spouse.

For purposes of this section, if the taxpayer holds stock as a tenant-stockholder (as defined in section 216) in a cooperative housing corporation (as defined in such section), then—

(A) the holding requirements of subsection (a) shall be applied to the holding of such stock, and

(B) the use requirements of subsection (a) shall be applied to the house or apartment which the taxpayer was entitled to occupy as such stockholder.

(A) In general For purposes of this section, the destruction, theft, seizure, requisition, or condemnation of property shall be treated as the sale of such property.

(B) Application of section 1033 In applying section 1033 (relating to involuntary conversions), the amount realized from the sale or exchange of property shall be treated as being the amount determined without regard to this section, reduced by the amount of gain not included in gross income pursuant to this section.

(C) Property acquired after involuntary conversion If the basis of the property sold or exchanged is determined (in whole or in part) under section 1033(b) (relating to basis of property acquired through involuntary conversion), then the holding and use by the taxpayer of the converted property shall be treated as holding and use by the taxpayer of the property sold or exchanged.

Subsection (a) shall not apply to so much of the gain from the sale of any property as does not exceed the portion of the depreciation adjustments (as defined in section 1250(b)(3)) attributable to periods after May 6, 1997 , in respect of such property.

In the case of a taxpayer who—

(A) becomes physically or mentally incapable of self-care, and

(B) owns property and uses such property as the taxpayer’s principal residence during the 5-year period described in subsection (a) for periods aggregating at least 1 year,

then the taxpayer shall be treated as using such property as the taxpayer’s principal residence during any time during such 5-year period in which the taxpayer owns the property and resides in any facility (including a nursing home) licensed by a State or political subdivision to care for an individual in the taxpayer’s condition.

For purposes of this section—

(A) In general At the election of the taxpayer, this section shall not fail to apply to the sale or exchange of an interest in a principal residence by reason of such interest being a remainder interest in such residence, but this section shall not apply to any other interest in such residence which is sold or exchanged separately.

(B) Exception for sales to related parties Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to any sale to, or exchange with, any person who bears a relationship to the taxpayer which is described in section 267(b) or 707(b).

(A) In general At the election of an individual with respect to a property, the running of the 5-year period described in subsections (a) and (c)(1)(B) and paragraph (7) of this subsection with respect to such property shall be suspended during any period that such individual or such individual’s spouse is serving on qualified official extended duty— (i) as a member of the uniformed services, (ii) as a member of the Foreign Service of the United States, or (iii) as an employee of the intelligence community.

(B) Maximum period of suspension The 5-year period described in subsection (a) shall not be extended more than 10 years by reason of subparagraph (A).

(C) Qualified official extended duty For purposes of this paragraph— (i) In general The term “qualified official extended duty” means any extended duty while serving at a duty station which is at least 50 miles from such property or while residing under Government orders in Government quarters. (ii) Uniformed services The term “uniformed services” has the meaning given such term by section 101(a)(5) of title 10 , United States Code, as in effect on the date of the enactment of this paragraph. (iii) Foreign Service of the United States The term “member of the Foreign Service of the United States” has the meaning given the term “member of the Service” by paragraph (1), (2), (3), (4), or (5) of section 103 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980, as in effect on the date of the enactment of this paragraph. (iv) Employee of intelligence community The term “employee of the intelligence community” means an employee (as defined by section 2105 of title 5 , United States Code) of— (I) the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, (II) the Central Intelligence Agency, (III) the National Security Agency, (IV) the Defense Intelligence Agency, (V) the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, (VI) the National Reconnaissance Office, (VII) any other office within the Department of Defense for the collection of specialized national intelligence through reconnaissance programs, (VIII) any of the intelligence elements of the Army, the Navy, the Air Force, the Marine Corps, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Department of Treasury, the Department of Energy, and the Coast Guard, (IX) the Bureau of Intelligence and Research of the Department of State, or (X) any of the elements of the Department of Homeland Security concerned with the analyses of foreign intelligence information. (v) Extended duty The term “extended duty” means any period of active duty pursuant to a call or order to such duty for a period in excess of 90 days or for an indefinite period.

(D) Special rules relating to election (i) Election limited to 1 property at a time An election under subparagraph (A) with respect to any property may not be made if such an election is in effect with respect to any other property. (ii) Revocation of election An election under subparagraph (A) may be revoked at any time.

If a taxpayer acquires property in an exchange with respect to which gain is not recognized (in whole or in part) to the taxpayer under subsection (a) or (b) of section 1031, subsection (a) shall not apply to the sale or exchange of such property by such taxpayer (or by any person whose basis in such property is determined, in whole or in part, by reference to the basis in the hands of such taxpayer) during the 5-year period beginning with the date of such acquisition.

(A) In general At the election of an individual with respect to a property, the running of the 5-year period described in subsections (a) and (c)(1)(B) and paragraph (7) of this subsection with respect to such property shall be suspended during any period that such individual or such individual’s spouse is serving outside the United States— (i) on qualified official extended duty (as defined in paragraph (9)(C)) as an employee of the Peace Corps, or (ii) as an enrolled volunteer or volunteer leader under section 5 or 6 (as the case may be) of the Peace Corps Act ( 22 U.S.C. 2504 , 2505).

(B) Applicable rules For purposes of subparagraph (A), rules similar to the rules of subparagraphs (B) and (D) of paragraph (9) shall apply.