44-30-12. Rhode Island income of a resident individual.

(b) Modifications increasing federal adjusted gross income. There shall be added to

federal adjusted gross income:

(1) Interest income on obligations of any state, or its political subdivisions, other than

Rhode Island or its political subdivisions;

(2) Interest or dividend income on obligations or securities of any authority, commission,

or instrumentality of the United States, but not of Rhode Island or its political subdivisions, to the

extent exempted by the laws of the United States from federal income tax but not from state income

taxes;

(3) The modification described in § 44-30-25(g);

(4)(i) The amount defined below of a nonqualified withdrawal made from an account in

the tuition savings program pursuant to § 16-57-6.1. For purposes of this section, a nonqualified

withdrawal is:

(A) A transfer or rollover to a qualified tuition program under Section 529 of the Internal

Revenue Code, 26 U.S.C. § 529, other than to the tuition savings program referred to in § 16-57-

6.1; and

(B) A withdrawal or distribution that is:

(I) Not applied on a timely basis to pay “qualified higher education expenses” as defined

in § 16-57-3(12) of the beneficiary of the account from which the withdrawal is made;

(II) Not made for a reason referred to in § 16-57-6.1(e); or

(III) Not made in other circumstances for which an exclusion from tax made applicable by

Section 529 of the Internal Revenue Code, 26 U.S.C. § 529, pertains if the transfer, rollover,

withdrawal, or distribution is made within two (2) taxable years following the taxable year for

which a contributions modification pursuant to subsection (c)(4) of this section is taken based on

contributions to any tuition savings program account by the person who is the participant of the

account at the time of the contribution, whether or not the person is the participant of the account

at the time of the transfer, rollover, withdrawal, or distribution;

(ii) In the event of a nonqualified withdrawal under subsection (b)(4)(i)(A) or (b)(4)(i)(B)

of this section, there shall be added to the federal adjusted gross income of that person for the

taxable year of the withdrawal an amount equal to the lesser of:

(A) The amount equal to the nonqualified withdrawal reduced by the sum of any

administrative fee or penalty imposed under the tuition savings program in connection with the

nonqualified withdrawal plus the earnings portion thereof, if any, includible in computing the

person’s federal adjusted gross income for the taxable year; and

(B) The amount of the person’s contribution modification pursuant to subsection (c)(4) of

this section for the person’s taxable year of the withdrawal and the two (2) prior taxable years less

the amount of any nonqualified withdrawal for the two (2) prior taxable years included in

computing the person’s Rhode Island income by application of this subsection for those years. Any

amount added to federal adjusted gross income pursuant to this subdivision shall constitute Rhode

Island income for residents, nonresidents, and part-year residents;

(5) The modification described in § 44-30-25.1(d)(3)(i);

(6) The amount equal to any unemployment compensation received but not included in

federal adjusted gross income;

(7) The amount equal to the deduction allowed for sales tax paid for a purchase of a

qualified motor vehicle as defined by the Internal Revenue Code § 164(a)(6);

(8) For any taxable year beginning on or after January 1, 2020, the amount of any Paycheck

Protection Program loan forgiven for federal income tax purposes as authorized by the Coronavirus

Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act and/or the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 and/or

any other subsequent federal stimulus relief packages enacted by law, to the extent that the amount

of the loan forgiven exceeds $250,000, including an individual’s distributive share of the amount

of a pass-through entity’s loan forgiveness in excess of $250,000; and

(9) For the taxable year beginning on or before January 1, 2025, the amount of any income,

deduction or allowance that would be subject to federal income tax but for the Congressional

enactment of the One Big Beautiful Bill Act or any other similar Congressional enactment. The

enactment of the One Big Beautiful Bill Act or any other similar Congressional enactment and any

Internal Revenue Service changes to forms, regulations, and/or processing which go into effect

during the current tax year or within six (6) months of the beginning of the next tax year shall be

deemed grounds for the promulgation of emergency rules and regulations under § 42-35-2.10 to

effectuate the purpose of preserving the Rhode Island tax base under Rhode Island law with respect

to the One Big Beautiful Bill Act or any other similar Congressional enactment ;

(10) For any taxable year beginning on or after January 1, 2026, the amount of the

deduction taken for domestic research and experimental expenditures under 26 U.S.C. § 174A less

the amount of the deduction that would have been allowed as a deduction for domestic research

and experimental expenditures under 26 U.S.C. § 174 immediately prior to the enactment of H.R.1

(Pub. L. 119-21);

(11) For any taxable year beginning on or after January 1, 2027, the amount of any

deduction allowable for depreciation, amortization, or depletion pursuant to 26 U.S.C. §

163(j)(8)(A)(v); and

(12) For any taxable year beginning on or after January 1, 2027, the amount excluded from

income pursuant to 26 U.S.C. § 1202.

(c) Modifications reducing federal adjusted gross income. There shall be subtracted

from federal adjusted gross income:

(1) Any interest income on obligations of the United States and its possessions to the extent

includible in gross income for federal income tax purposes, and any interest or dividend income on

obligations, or securities of any authority, commission, or instrumentality of the United States to

the extent includible in gross income for federal income tax purposes but exempt from state income

taxes under the laws of the United States; provided, that the amount to be subtracted shall in any

case be reduced by any interest on indebtedness incurred or continued to purchase or carry

obligations or securities the income of which is exempt from Rhode Island personal income tax, to

the extent the interest has been deducted in determining federal adjusted gross income or taxable

income;

3 (2) A modification described in § 44-30-25(f) or § 44-30-1.1(c)(1);

(3) The amount of any withdrawal or distribution from the “tuition savings program”

referred to in § 16-57-6.1 that is included in federal adjusted gross income, other than a withdrawal

or distribution or portion of a withdrawal or distribution that is a nonqualified withdrawal;

(4) Contributions made to an account under the tuition savings program, including the

“contributions carryover” pursuant to subsection (c)(4)(iv) of this section, if any, subject to the

following limitations, restrictions, and qualifications:

(i) The aggregate subtraction pursuant to this subdivision for any taxable year of the

taxpayer shall not exceed five hundred dollars ($500) or one thousand dollars ($1,000) if a joint

return;

(ii) The following shall not be considered contributions:

(A) Contributions made by any person to an account who is not a participant of the account

at the time the contribution is made;

(B) Transfers or rollovers to an account from any other tuition savings program account or

from any other “qualified tuition program” under section 529 of the Internal Revenue Code, 26

U.S.C. § 529; or

(C) A change of the beneficiary of the account;

(iii) The subtraction pursuant to this subdivision shall not reduce the taxpayer’s federal

adjusted gross income to less than zero (0);

(iv) The contributions carryover to a taxable year for purpose of this subdivision is the

excess, if any, of the total amount of contributions actually made by the taxpayer to the tuition

savings program for all preceding taxable years for which this subsection is effective over the sum

of:

(A) The total of the subtractions under this subdivision allowable to the taxpayer for all

such preceding taxable years; and

(B) That part of any remaining contribution carryover at the end of the taxable year which

exceeds the amount of any nonqualified withdrawals during the year and the prior two (2) taxable

years not included in the addition provided for in this subdivision for those years. Any such part

shall be disregarded in computing the contributions carryover for any subsequent taxable year;

(v) For any taxable year for which a contributions carryover is applicable, the taxpayer

shall include a computation of the carryover with the taxpayer’s Rhode Island personal income tax

return for that year, and if for any taxable year on which the carryover is based the taxpayer filed a

joint Rhode Island personal income tax return but filed a return on a basis other than jointly for a

subsequent taxable year, the computation shall reflect how the carryover is being allocated between

the prior joint filers;

(5) The modification described in § 44-30-25.1(d)(1);

(6) Amounts deemed taxable income to the taxpayer due to payment or provision of

insurance benefits to a dependent, including a domestic partner pursuant to chapter 12 of title 36 or

other coverage plan;

(7) Modification for organ transplantation.

(i) An individual may subtract up to ten thousand dollars ($10,000) from federal adjusted

gross income if the individual, while living, donates one or more of their human organs to another

human being for human organ transplantation, except that for purposes of this subsection, “human

organ” means all or part of a liver, pancreas, kidney, intestine, lung, or bone marrow. A subtract

modification that is claimed hereunder may be claimed in the taxable year in which the human

organ transplantation occurs.

(ii) An individual may claim that subtract modification hereunder only once, and the

subtract modification may be claimed for only the following unreimbursed expenses that are

incurred by the claimant and related to the claimant’s organ donation:

(A) Travel expenses.

(B) Lodging expenses.

(C) Lost wages.

(iii) The subtract modification hereunder may not be claimed by a part-time resident or a

nonresident of this state;

(8) Modification for taxable Social Security income.

(i) For tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2016 , until the tax year beginning January

25 1, 2027 :

(A) For a person who has attained the age used for calculating full or unreduced Social

Security retirement benefits who files a return as an unmarried individual, head of household, or

married filing separate whose federal adjusted gross income for the taxable year is less than eighty

thousand dollars ($80,000); or

(B) A married individual filing jointly or individual filing qualifying widow(er) who has

attained the age used for calculating full or unreduced Social Security retirement benefits whose

joint federal adjusted gross income for the taxable year is less than one hundred thousand dollars

($100,000), an amount equal to the Social Security benefits includible in federal adjusted gross

income.

(ii) For the tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2027:

(A) For a person who files a return as an unmarried individual, head of household, or

married filing separate whose federal adjusted gross income for the taxable year is less than eighty

thousand dollars ($80,000); or

(B) A married individual filing jointly or individual filing qualifying widow(er) whose joint

federal adjusted gross income for the taxable year is less than one hundred thousand dollars

($100,000), an amount equal to the Social Security benefits includible in federal adjusted gross

income.

(ii) (iii) Adjustment for inflation. The dollar amount contained in subsections (c)(8)(i) (A)

and (c)(8)(i)(B) and (c)(8)(ii) of this section shall be increased annually by an amount equal to:

(A) Such dollar amount contained in subsections (c)(8)(i) (A) and (c)(8)(i)(B) and (c)(8)(ii)

of this section adjusted for inflation using a base tax year of 2000, multiplied by;

(B) The cost-of-living adjustment with a base year of 2000.

(iii) (iv) For the purposes of this section the cost-of-living adjustment for any calendar year

is the percentage (if any) by which the consumer price index for the preceding calendar year

exceeds the consumer price index for the base year. The consumer price index for any calendar

year is the average of the consumer price index as of the close of the twelve-month (12) period

ending on August 31, of such calendar year.

(iv) (v) For the purpose of this section the term “consumer price index” means the last

consumer price index for all urban consumers published by the department of labor. For the purpose

of this section the revision of the consumer price index which is most consistent with the consumer

price index for calendar year 1986 shall be used.

(v) (vi) If any increase determined under this section is not a multiple of fifty dollars

($50.00), such increase shall be rounded to the next lower multiple of fifty dollars ($50.00). In the

case of a married individual filing separate return, if any increase determined under this section is

not a multiple of twenty-five dollars ($25.00), such increase shall be rounded to the next lower

multiple of twenty-five dollars ($25.00);

(9) Modification of taxable retirement income from certain pension plans or

annuities.

(i) For tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2017, until the tax year beginning January

1, 2022, a modification shall be allowed for up to fifteen thousand dollars ($15,000), and for tax

years beginning on or after January 1, 2023, until the tax year beginning January 1, 2024, a

modification shall be allowed for up to twenty thousand dollars ($20,000), and for tax years

beginning on or after January 1, 2025, a modification shall be allowed for up to fifty thousand

dollars ($50,000), of taxable pension and/or annuity income that is included in federal adjusted

gross income for the taxable year:

(A) For a person who has attained the age used for calculating full or unreduced Social

Security retirement benefits who files a return as an unmarried individual, head of household, or

married filing separate whose federal adjusted gross income for such taxable year is less than the

amount used for the modification contained in subsection (c)(8)(i)(A) or subsection (c)(8)(ii)(A) of

this section an amount not to exceed $15,000 for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2017,

until the tax year beginning January 1, 2022, and an amount not to exceed twenty thousand dollars

($20,000) for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2023, until the tax year beginning January

1, 2024, and an amount not to exceed fifty thousand dollars ($50,000) for tax years beginning on

or after January 1, 2025, of taxable pension and/or annuity income includible in federal adjusted

gross income; or

(B) For a married individual filing jointly or individual filing qualifying widow(er) who

has attained the age used for calculating full or unreduced Social Security retirement benefits whose

joint federal adjusted gross income for such taxable year is less than the amount used for the

modification contained in subsection (c)(8)(i)(B) or subsection (c)(8)(ii)(B) of this section an

amount not to exceed $15,000 for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2017, until the tax year

beginning January 1, 2022, and an amount not to exceed twenty thousand dollars ($20,000) for tax

years beginning on or after January 1, 2023, until the tax year beginning January 1, 2024, and an

amount not to exceed fifty thousand dollars ($50,000) for tax years beginning on or after January

1, 2025, of taxable pension and/or annuity income includible in federal adjusted gross income.

(ii) Adjustment for inflation.

The dollar amount contained by reference in subsections (c)(9)(i)(A) and (c)(9)(i)(B) of

this section shall be increased annually for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2018, by an

amount equal to:

(A) Such dollar amount contained by reference in subsections (c)(9)(i)(A) and (c)(9)(i)(B)

of this section adjusted for inflation using a base tax year of 2000, multiplied by;

(B) The cost-of-living adjustment with a base year of 2000.

(iii) For the purposes of this section, the cost-of-living adjustment for any calendar year is

the percentage (if any) by which the consumer price index for the preceding calendar year exceeds

the consumer price index for the base year. The consumer price index for any calendar year is the

average of the consumer price index as of the close of the twelve-month (12) period ending on

August 31, of such calendar year.

(iv) For the purpose of this section, the term “consumer price index” means the last

consumer price index for all urban consumers published by the department of labor. For the purpose

of this section, the revision of the consumer price index which is most consistent with the consumer

price index for calendar year 1986 shall be used.

(v) If any increase determined under this section is not a multiple of fifty dollars ($50.00),

such increase shall be rounded to the next lower multiple of fifty dollars ($50.00). In the case of a

married individual filing a separate return, if any increase determined under this section is not a

multiple of twenty-five dollars ($25.00), such increase shall be rounded to the next lower multiple

of twenty-five dollars ($25.00).

(vi) For tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2022, until the tax year beginning

10 January 1, 2027, the dollar amount contained by reference in subsection (c)(9)(i)(A) shall be

adjusted to equal the dollar amount contained in subsection (c)(8)(i)(A), as adjusted for inflation,

and the dollar amount contained by reference in subsection(c)(9)(i)(B) shall be adjusted to equal

the dollar amount contained in subsection (c)(8)(i)(B), as adjusted for inflation . For tax years

beginning on or after January 1, 2027, the dollar amount contained by reference in subsection

(c)(9)(i)(A) shall be adjusted to equal the dollar amount contained in subsection (c)(8)(ii)(A), as

adjusted for inflation, and the dollar amount contained by reference in subsection (c)(9)(i)(B) shall

be adjusted to equal the dollar amount contained in subsection (c)(8)(ii)(B), as adjusted for

inflation ;

(10) Modification for Rhode Island investment in opportunity zones. For purposes of

a taxpayer’s state tax liability, in the case of any investment in a Rhode Island opportunity zone by

the taxpayer for at least seven (7) years, a modification to income shall be allowed for the

incremental difference between the benefit allowed under 26 U.S.C. § 1400Z-2(b)(2)(B)(iv) and

the federal benefit allowed under 26 U.S.C. § 1400Z-2(c);

(11) Modification for military service pensions.

(i) For purposes of a taxpayer’s state tax liability, a modification to income shall be allowed

as follows:

(A) For the tax years beginning on January 1, 2023, a taxpayer may subtract from federal

adjusted gross income the taxpayer’s military service pension benefits included in federal adjusted

gross income;

(ii) As used in this subsection, the term “military service” shall have the same meaning as

set forth in 20 C.F.R. § 212.2;

(iii) At no time shall the modification allowed under this subsection alone or in conjunction

with subsection (c)(9) exceed the amount of the military service pension received in the tax year

for which the modification is claimed;

(12) Any rebate issued to the taxpayer pursuant to § 44-30-103 to the extent included in

gross income for federal tax purposes; and

(13) For tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2025, in the case of a taxpayer that is

licensed in accordance with chapters 28.6 and/or 28.11 of title 21, the amount equal to any

expenditure that is eligible to be claimed as a federal income tax deduction but is disallowed under

26 U.S.C. § 280E ; and

(14) For any taxable year beginning on or after January 1, 2026, the amount as determined

by the tax administrator required to be added back in a prior year that would have been allowed

under 26 U.S.C. § 174A as enacted in H.R.1 (Pub. L. 119-21) on July 4, 2025, but would not have

been allowed as a deduction under 26 U.S.C. § 174 immediately prior to its enactment. At no time

11 may the cumulative modification amount for each amortized expenditure exceed one hundred

percent (100%) of said expenditure’s expense amount .

(d) Modification for Rhode Island fiduciary adjustment. There shall be added to, or

subtracted from, federal adjusted gross income (as the case may be) the taxpayer’s share, as

beneficiary of an estate or trust, of the Rhode Island fiduciary adjustment determined under § 44-

30-17.

(e) Partners. The amounts of modifications required to be made under this section by a

partner, which relate to items of income or deduction of a partnership, shall be determined under §

44-30-15.

SECTION 6. This article shall take effect upon passage.

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