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alternative tax for certain small companies under § 831(b)(1) to be taxed only on taxable investment income. .37 Expatriation to Avoid Tax. For calendar year 2019, under § 877A(g)(1)(A), unless an exception under § 877A(g)(1)(B) applies, an individual is a covered expatriate if the individual’s “average annual net income tax” under § 877(a)(2)(A) for the five taxable years ending before the expatriation date is more than $168,000. .38 Tax Responsibilities of Expatriation. For taxable years beginning in 2019, the amount that would be includible in the gross income of a covered expatriate by reason of § 877A(a)(1) is reduced (but not below zero) by $725,000. .39 Foreign Earned Income Exclusion. For taxable years beginning in 2019, the foreign earned income exclusion amount under § 911(b)(2)(D)(i) is $105,900. .40 Debt Instruments Arising Out of Sales or Exchanges. For calendar year 2019, a qualified debt instrument under § 1274A(b) has stated principal that does not exceed $5,944,600, and a cash method debt instrument under § 1274A(c)(2) has stated principal that does not exceed $4,246,200. .41 Unified Credit Against Estate Tax. For an estate of any decedent dying in calendar year 2019, the basic exclusion amount is $11,400,000 for determining the amount of the unified credit against estate tax under § 2010. .42 Valuation of Qualified Real Property in Decedent's Gross Estate. For an estate of a decedent dying in calendar year 2019, if the executor elects to use the special use valuation method under § 2032A for qualified real property, the aggregate decrease in the value of qualified real property resulting from electing to use § 2032A for purposes of the estate tax cannot exceed $1,160,000.