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and other equipment, and supplementary materials used by the eligible educator in the classroom is $250. .13 Transportation Mainline Pipeline Construction Industry Optional Expense Substantiation Rules for Payments to Employees under Accountable Plans. For calendar year 2018, an eligible employer may pay certain welders and heavy equipment mechanics an amount of up to $18 per hour for rig-related expenses that are deemed substantiated under an accountable plan if paid in accordance with Rev. Proc. 2002-41, 2002-1 C.B. 1098. If the employer provides fuel or otherwise reimburses fuel expenses, up to $11 per hour is deemed substantiated if paid under Rev. Proc. 2002-41. .14 Standard Deduction. (1) In general. For taxable years beginning in 2018, the standard deduction amounts under § 63(c)(2) are as follows: Filing Status Standard Deduction Married Individuals Filing Joint Returns $13,000 and Surviving Spouses (§ 1(a)) Heads of Households (§ 1(b)) $9,550 Unmarried Individuals (other than Surviving Spouses $6,500 and Heads of Households) (§ 1(c)) Married Individuals Filing Separate $6,500 Returns (§ 1(d)) (2) Dependent. For taxable years beginning in 2018, the standard deduction amount under § 63(c)(5) for an individual who may be claimed as a dependent by another taxpayer cannot exceed the greater of (1) $1,050, or (2) the sum of $350 and the individual's earned income.