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information from Form 1098-T or the educational institu- tion. See chapter 2. Form 8862 may be required. If your American opportu- nity credit was denied or reduced for any reason other than a math or clerical error for any tax year beginning af- ter 2015, you must attach a completed Form 8862, Infor- mation To Claim Certain Credits After Disallowance, to your tax return for the next year for which you claim the credit. See chapter 2. Ban on claiming the American opportunity credit. If you claim the American opportunity credit even though you're not eligible, you may be banned from claiming the credit for 2 or 10 years depending on your conduct. See chapter 2. Taxpayer identification number (TIN) needed by due date of return. If you haven’t been issued a TIN by the due date of your 2022 return (including extensions), you can't claim the American opportunity credit on either your original or an amended 2022 return. Also, the American opportunity credit isn't allowed on either your original or an amended 2022 return for a student who hasn’t been is- sued a TIN by the due date of your return (including exten- sions). See chapter 2. Higher education emergency grants. Emergency fi- nancial aid grants under the following are not included in your gross income. • The CARES Act. • The Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2021. • The American Rescue Plan Act of 2021. Also, for purposes of the American opportunity tax credit (see chapter 2) and lifetime learning credit (see chapter 3), a student does not reduce an amount of quali- fied tuition and related expenses by the amount of an emergency financial aid grant. For more information, see Higher Education Emergency Grants Frequently Asked Questions. Coordination with Pell grants and other scholarships or fellowship grants. It may benefit you to choose to in- clude otherwise tax-free scholarships or fellowship grants in income. This may increase your education credit and lower your total tax or increase your refund. See Coordi- nation with Pell grants and other scholarships or fellow- ship grants in chapter 2 and chapter 3. Student loan interest deduction. You can’t deduct as interest on a student loan any interest paid by your em- ployer after March 27, 2000, and before January 1, 2026, under an educational assistance program. See chapter 4. Student loan forgiveness. The American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 modified the treatment of student loan forgive- ness for discharges in 2021 through 2025. See chapter 5. Achieving a Better Life Experience (ABLE) account. This is a savings account for individuals with disabilities and their families. Distributions are tax free if used to pay the beneficiary's qualified disability expenses, which may include education expenses. For more information, see Pub. 907, Tax Highlights for Persons With Disabilities. Estimated tax payments. If you have taxable income from any of your education benefits and the payer doesn't withhold enough income tax, you may need to make esti- mated tax payments. For more information, see Pub. 505, Tax Withholding and Estimated Tax. Employer-provided educational assistance benefits. Employer-provided educational assistance benefits in- clude payments made after March 27, 2020, and before January 1, 2026, for principal or interest on any qualified education loan you incurred for your education. See chap- ter 10. Miscellaneous itemized deductions. For tax years be- ginning after 2017 and before 2026, you no longer deduct work-related education expenses as a miscellaneous itemized deduction subject to a 2%-of-adjusted-gross-in- come floor. See chapter 11. Photographs of missing children. The Internal Reve- nue Service is a proud partner with the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children® (NCMEC). Photographs of missing children selected by the Center may appear in this publication on pages that would otherwise be blank. You can help bring these children home by looking at the photographs and calling 1-800-THE-LOST (800-843-5678) if you recognize a child. Introduction This publication explains tax benefits that may be availa- ble to you if you are saving for or paying education costs for yourself or, in many cases, another student who is a member of your immediate family. Most benefits apply only to higher education. What is in this publication. Chapter 1 explains the tax treatment of various types of educational assistance, in- cluding scholarships, fellowship grants, and tuition reduc- tions. Two tax credits for which you may be eligible are ex- plained in chapter 2 and chapter 3. These benefits, which reduce the amount of income tax you may have to pay, are: • The American opportunity credit, and • The lifetime learning credit. Nine other types of benefits are explained in chapters 4 through 11. These benefits, which reduce the amount of income tax you may have to pay, are: • Deduct student loan interest; • Receive tax-free treatment of a canceled student loan; • Receive tax-free student loan repayment assistance; • Establish and contribute to a Coverdell education sav- ings account (ESA), which features tax-free earnings; • Participate in a qualified tuition program (QTP), which features tax-free earnings; • Take early distributions from any type of individual re- tirement arrangement (IRA) for education costs Publication 970 (2022) Page 3