For the purposes of this title, unless the context indicates otherwise, the following definitions shall apply: (1) "Aged, blind, or disabled assistance program" means the program established under RCW 74.62.030 . (2) "Applicant" means any person who has made a request, or on behalf of whom a request has been made, to any county or local office for assistance. (3) "Authority" means the health care authority. (4) "County or local office" means the administrative office for one or more counties or designated service areas. (5) "Department" means the department of social and health services. (6) "Director" means the director of the health care authority. (7) "Essential needs and housing support program" means the program established in RCW 43.185C.220 . (8) "Federal aid assistance" means the specific categories of assistance for which provision is made in any federal law existing or hereafter passed by which payments are made from the federal government to the state in aid or in respect to payment by the state for public assistance rendered to any category of needy persons for which provision for federal funds or aid may from time to time be made, or a federally administered needs-based program. (9) "Income" means: (a) All appreciable gains in real or personal property (cash or kind) or other assets, which are received by or become available for use and enjoyment by an applicant or recipient during the month of application or after applying for or receiving public assistance. The department may by rule and regulation exempt income received by an applicant for or recipient of public assistance which can be used by him or her to decrease his or her need for public assistance or to aid in rehabilitating him or her or his or her dependents, but such exemption shall not, unless otherwise provided in this title, exceed the exemptions of resources granted under this chapter to an applicant for public assistance. In addition, for cash assistance the department may disregard income pursuant to RCW 74.08A.230 and 74.12.350 . (b) If, under applicable federal requirements, the state has the option of considering property in the form of lump sum compensatory awards or related settlements received by an applicant or recipient as income or as a resource, the department shall consider such property to be a resource. (10) "Need" means the difference between the applicant's or recipient's standards of assistance for himself or herself and the dependent members of his or her family, as measured by the standards of the department, and value of all nonexempt resources and nonexempt income received by or available to the applicant or recipient and the dependent members of his or her family. (11) "Public assistance" or "assistance" means public aid to persons in need thereof for any cause, including services, medical care, assistance grants, disbursing orders, work relief, benefits under RCW 74.62.030 and 43.185C.220 , and federal aid assistance. (12) "Recipient" means any person receiving assistance and in addition those dependents whose needs are included in the recipient's assistance. (13) "Resource" means any asset, tangible or intangible, owned by or available to the applicant at the time of application, which can be applied toward meeting the applicant's need, either directly or by conversion into money or its equivalent. The department may by rule designate resources that an applicant may retain and not be ineligible for public assistance because of such resources. Exempt resources shall include, but are not limited to: (a) A home that an applicant, recipient, or their dependents is living in, including the surrounding property; (b) Household furnishings and personal effects; (c) One motor vehicle, other than a motor home, that is used and useful; (d) A motor vehicle necessary to transport a household member with a physical disability. This exclusion is limited to one vehicle per person with a physical disability; (e) Retirement funds, pension plans, and retirement accounts; (f) All other resources, including any excess of values exempted, not to exceed $12,000 or other limit as set by the department, to be consistent with limitations on resources and exemptions necessary for federal aid assistance; (g) Applicants for or recipients of benefits under RCW 74.62.030 and referrals under RCW 74.04.805 shall have their eligibility based on resource limitations consistent with the temporary assistance for needy families program rules adopted by the department; and (h) If an applicant for or recipient of public assistance possesses property and belongings in excess of the ceiling value, such value shall be used in determining the need of the applicant or recipient, except that: (i) The department may exempt resources or income when the income and resources are determined necessary to the applicant's or recipient's restoration to independence, to decrease the need for public assistance, or to aid in rehabilitating the applicant or recipient or a dependent of the applicant or recipient; and (ii) the department may provide grant assistance for a period not to exceed nine months from the date the agreement is signed pursuant to this section to persons who are otherwise ineligible because of excess real property owned by such persons when they are making a good faith effort to dispose of that property if: (A) The applicant or recipient signs an agreement to repay the lesser of the amount of aid received or the net proceeds of such sale; (B) If the owner of the excess property ceases to make good faith efforts to sell the property, the entire amount of assistance may become an overpayment and a debt due the state and may be recovered pursuant to RCW 43.20B.630 ; (C) Applicants and recipients are advised of their right to a fair hearing and afforded the opportunity to challenge a decision that good faith efforts to sell have ceased, prior to assessment of an overpayment under this section; and (D) At the time assistance is authorized, the department files a lien without a sum certain on the specific property. (14) "Secretary" means the secretary of social and health services. (15) "Standards of assistance" means the level of income required by an applicant or recipient to maintain a level of living specified by the department. (16)(a) "Victim of human trafficking" means a noncitizen and any qualifying family members who have: (i) Filed or are preparing to file an application for T nonimmigrant status with the appropriate federal agency pursuant to 8 U.S.C. Sec. 1101(a)(15)(T), as it existed on January 1, 2020; (ii) Filed or are preparing to file an application with the appropriate federal agency for status pursuant to 8 U.S.C. Sec. 1101(a)(15)(U), as it existed on January 1, 2020; or (iii) Been harmed by either any violation of chapter 9A.40 or 9.68A RCW, or both, or by substantially similar crimes under federal law or the laws of any other state, and who: (A) Are otherwise taking steps to meet the conditions for federal benefits eligibility under 22 U.S.C. Sec. 7105, as it existed on January 1, 2020; or (B) Have filed or are preparing to file an application with the appropriate federal agency for status under 8 U.S.C. Sec. 1158. (b)(i) "Qualifying family member" means: (A) A victim's spouse and children; and (B) When the victim is under 21 years of age, a victim's parents and unmarried siblings under the age of 18. (ii) "Qualifying family member" does not include a family member who has been charged with or convicted of attempt, conspiracy, solicitation, or commission of any crime referenced in this subsection or described under 8 U.S.C. Sec. 1101(a)(15)(T) or (U) as either existed on January 1, 2020, when the crime is against a spouse who is a victim of human trafficking or against the child of a victim of human trafficking. (17) For purposes of determining eligibility for public assistance and participation levels in the cost of medical care, the department shall exempt restitution payments made to people of Japanese and Aleut ancestry pursuant to the Civil Liberties Act of 1988 and the Aleutian and Pribilof Island Restitution Act passed by congress, P.L. 100-383, including all income and resources derived therefrom. (18) In the construction of words and phrases used in this title, the singular number shall include the plural, the masculine gender shall include both the feminine and neuter genders, and the present tense shall include the past and future tenses, unless the context thereof shall clearly indicate to the contrary. [ 2025 c 408 s 4 ; 2023 c 418 s 1 ; 2020 c 136 s 1 ; 2018 c 40 s 1 . Prior: 2011 1st sp.s. c 36 s 8 ; 2011 1st sp.s. c 15 s 61 ; 2010 1st sp.s. c 8 s 4 ; 2003 1st sp.s. c 10 s 1 ; 2000 c 218 s 1 ; prior: 1998 c 80 s 1 ; 1998 c 79 s 6 ; prior: 1997 c 59 s 10 ; 1997 c 58 s 309 ; prior: 1992 c 165 s 1 ; 1992 c 136 s 1 ; 1991 sp.s. c 10 s 1 ; 1991 c 126 s 1 ; 1990 c 285 s 2 ; 1989 1st ex.s. c 9 s 816 ; prior: 1987 c 406 s 9 ; 1987 c 75 s 31 ; 1985 c 335 s 2 ; 1983 1st ex.s. c 41 s 36 ; 1981 2nd ex.s. c 10 s 5 ; 1981 1st ex.s. c 6 s 1 ; prior: 1981 c 8 s 1 ; prior: 1980 c 174 s 1 ; 1980 c 84 s 1 ; 1979 c 141 s 294 ; 1969 ex.s. c 173 s 1 ; 1965 ex.s. c 2 s 1 ; 1963 c 228 s 1 ; 1961 c 235 s 1 ; 1959 c 26 s 74.04.005 ; prior: (i) 1947 c 289 s 1 ; 1939 c 216 s 1 ; Rem. Supp. 1947 s 10007-101a. (ii) 1957 c 63 s 1 ; 1953 c 174 s 17 ; 1951 c 122 s 1 ; 1951 c 1 s 3 (Initiative Measure No. 178, approved November 7, 1950); 1949 c 6 s 3 ; Rem. Supp. 1949 s 9998-33c.] Notes: Effective date — 2023 c 418 s 1: "Section 1 of this act takes effect February 1, 2024." [ 2023 c 418 s 13 .] Effective date — 2020 c 136: "This act takes effect February 1, 2022." [ 2020 c 136 s 5 .] Effective date — 2018 c 40: "This act takes effect February 1, 2019." [ 2018 c 40 s 3 .] Effective date — 2011 1st sp.s. c 36 s 8: "Section 8 of this act takes effect November 1, 2011." [ 2011 1st sp.s. c 36 s 40 .] Alphabetization — 2011 1st sp.s. c 36: "The code reviser shall alphabetize the subsections containing definitions in RCW 74.04.005 ." [ 2011 1st sp.s. c 36 s 35 .] Findings — Intent — 2011 1st sp.s. c 36: See RCW 74.62.005 . Effective date — Findings — Intent — Report — Agency transfer — References to head of health care authority — Draft legislation — 2011 1st sp.s. c 15: See notes following RCW 74.09.010 . Implementation — 2010 1st sp.s. c 8 ss 1-10 and 29: See note following RCW 74.04.225 . Findings — Intent — Short title — Effective date — 2010 1st sp.s. c 8: See notes following RCW 74.04.225 . Short title — Part headings, captions, table of contents not law — Exemptions and waivers from federal law — Conflict with federal requirements — Severability — 1997 c 58: See RCW 74.08A.900 through 74.08A.904 . Severability — 1991 sp.s. c 10: "If any provision of this act or its application to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the remainder of the act or the application of the provision to other persons or circumstances is not affected." [ 1991 sp.s. c 10 s 2 .] Effective date — 1991 sp.s. c 10: "This act is necessary for the immediate preservation of the public peace, health, or safety, or support of the state government and its existing public institutions, and shall take effect July 1, 1991." [ 1991 sp.s. c 10 s 3 .] Findings — Purpose — 1990 c 285: "(1) The legislature finds that each year less than five percent of pregnant teens relinquish their babies for adoption in Washington state. Nationally, fewer than eight percent of pregnant teens relinquish their babies for adoption. (2) The legislature further finds that barriers such as lack of information about adoption, inability to voluntarily enter into adoption agreements, and current state public assistance policies act as disincentives to adoption. (3) It is the purpose of this act to support adoption as an option for women with unintended pregnancies by removing barriers that act as disincentives to adoption." [ 1990 c 285 s 1 .] Severability — 1990 c 285: "If any provision of this act or its application to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the remainder of the act or the application of the provision to other persons or circumstances is not affected." [ 1990 c 285 s 10 .] Effective date — Severability — 1989 1st ex.s. c 9: See RCW 43.70.910 and 43.70.920 . Savings — 1987 c 75: See RCW 43.20B.900 . Severability — 1983 1st ex.s. c 41: See note following RCW 26.09.060 . Effective date — 1981 1st ex.s. c 6: "This act is necessary for the immediate preservation of the public peace, health, and safety, the support of the state government and its existing public institutions, and shall take effect July 1, 1981." [ 1981 1st ex.s. c 6 s 31 .] Severability — 1981 1st ex.s. c 6: "If any provision of this act or its application to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the remainder of the act or the application of the provision to other persons or circumstances is not affected." [ 1981 1st ex.s. c 6 s 30 .] Consolidated standards of need: RCW 74.04.770 .