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TANF POLICY MANUAL

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• Produces short sentences and text with limited vocabulary. Lacks a clear purpose for writing. • Does not communicate a clear message. • Expresses thoughts that don’t contribute to the main idea. Does not use the appropriate text structures.

• Uses sentences that contain errors in syntax or word choice. • Fails to clearly indicate the referent of a pronoun. Shows persistent problems in spelling.

• Spells phonetically. Leaves out letters. • Refrains from writing words that are difficult to spell. Has difficulties with mechanics of written expression.

• Omits or misuses sentence markers such as capitals and end punctuation, making it difficult for the reader to understand the text. Handwriting is sloppy and difficult to read.

• Has awkward writing grip or position. • Letters, words, and lines are misaligned or not spaced appropriately. Demonstrates difficulties in revising. • Is reluctant to proofread or does not catch errors. • Focuses primarily on the mechanics of writing, not on style and content. Listening Characteristics What It Looks Like in an Adult Has problems perceiving slight distinctions in words.

• Misunderstands a message with a word mistaken for a similar word. • Might say, “Pick of the grass,” instead of, “Pick up the glass.” Has a limited vocabulary.

• Recognizes and uses fewer words than peers when engaged in conversation or when gathering information by listening. Finds abstract words or concepts difficult to understand.

• Requests repetitions or more concrete explanations of ideas. • Frequently asks for examples. Has difficulty with non-literal or figurative language such as metaphors, idioms, and sarcasm. • Does not understand jokes or comic strips.