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(a) As used in this Code section, the term:
(1) “Product” means a marketable product or component of a product which has an economic value to the wholesale or retail consumer and is ready to be used without further alteration of its form, or a product or material which is marketed as a prepared material or is a component in the manufacturing and assembly of other finished products.
(2) “Qualified investment property” means all real and personal property purchased or acquired by a taxpayer for use in the construction of an additional manufacturing or telecommunications facility to be located in this state or the expansion of an existing manufacturing or telecommunications facility located in this state, including, but not limited to, amounts expended on land acquisition, improvements, buildings, building improvements, and machinery and equipment to be used in the manufacturing or telecommunications facility. The department shall promulgate rules defining eligible manufacturing facilities, telecommunications facilities, and qualified investment property pursuant to this paragraph.
(3) “Recovered materials” means those materials, including, but not limited to, such materials as aluminum, oil, plastic, paper, paper products, scrap metal, iron, glass, and rubber, which have known use, reuse, or recycling potential; can be feasibly used, reused, or recycled; and have been diverted or removed from the solid waste stream for sale, use, reuse, or recycling, whether or not requiring subsequent separation and processing.
(4) “Recycling” means any process by which materials which would otherwise become solid waste are collected, separated, or processed and reused or returned to use in the form of raw materials or products.
(5) “Recycling machinery and equipment” means all tangible personal property used, directly or indirectly, to sort, store, prepare, convert, process, fabricate, or manufacture recovered materials into finished products which are composed of at least 25 percent recovered materials, such term including, but not being limited to, power generation and pollution control machinery and equipment.
(6) “Recycling manufacturing facility” means any facility, including land, improvements to land, buildings, building improvements, and any recycling machinery and equipment used in the recycling process resulting in the manufacture of finished products from recovered materials, provided that up to 10 percent of any building that is a component of a recycling facility may be used for office space to house support staff for the recycling operation.
(7) “Rural county” means a county that has a population of less than 50,000 with 10 percent or more of such population living in poverty based upon the most recent, reliable, and applicable data published by the United States Bureau of the Census. On or before December 31 of each year, the commissioner of the Department of Community Affairs shall publish a list of such counties.
(b) In the case of a taxpayer which has operated for the immediately preceding three years an existing manufacturing or telecommunications facility or a manufacturing or telecommunications support facility in this state in a tier 1 county designated pursuant to Code Section 48-7-40, there shall be allowed a credit against the tax imposed under this article in an amount equal to 5 percent of the cost of all qualified investment property purchased or acquired by the taxpayer in such year, subject to the conditions and limitations set forth in this Code section. In the event such qualified investment property purchased or acquired by the taxpayer in such year consists of recycling machinery or equipment, a recycling manufacturing facility, pollution control or prevention machinery or equipment, a pollution control or prevention facility, or the conversion from defense to domestic production, the amount of such credit shall be equal to 8 percent.
(c) The credit granted under subsection (b) of this Code section shall be subject to the following conditions and limitations:
(1) In order to qualify as a basis for the credit, the investment in qualified investment property must occur no sooner than January 1, 1995. The credit may be taken beginning with the tax year immediately following the tax year in which the qualified investment property having an aggregate cost in excess of $50,000.00 is purchased or acquired by the taxpayer; provided, however, that for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2020, the credit may only be taken beginning with the tax year immediately following the tax year in which the qualified investment property having an aggregate cost in excess of $100,000.00 is purchased or acquired by the taxpayer. For every year in which a taxpayer claims the credit, the taxpayer shall attach a schedule to the taxpayer’s Georgia income tax return which will set forth the following information, as a minimum:
(A) A description of the project;
(B) The amount of qualified investment property acquired during the taxable year;
(C) The amount of tax credit claimed for the taxable year;
(D) The amount of qualified investment property acquired in prior taxable years;
(E) Any tax credit utilized by the taxpayer in prior taxable years;
(F) The amount of tax credit carried over from prior years;
(G) The amount of tax credit utilized by the taxpayer in the current taxable year; and
(H) The amount of tax credit to be carried over to subsequent tax years;
(2) (A) Any credit claimed under this Code section but not used in any taxable year may be carried forward for ten years from the close of the taxable year in which the qualified investment property was acquired, provided that such qualified investment property remains in service:
(B) (i) The credit established by this Code section taken in any one taxable year shall be limited to an amount not greater than 50 percent of the taxpayer’s state income tax liability which is attributable to income derived from operations in this state for that taxable year.
(ii) Notwithstanding division (i) of this subparagraph, for credit earned pursuant to this Code section from purchases of qualified investment property for a manufacturing or telecommunications facility in a rural county made on or after January 1, 2020, such credit shall:
(I) First be applied to such taxpayer’s state income tax liability which is attributable to income derived from operations in this state for that taxable year, limited to 50 percent of such liability before application of such credit; and
(II) If the amount of such credit exceeds the limit set forth in subdivision (I) of this division, the excess may be taken as a credit of up to $1 million for any one taxable year against such taxpayer’s quarterly or monthly payments under Code Section 48-7-103, provided that such $1 million limit shall be reduced by any amount taken by such taxpayer pursuant to subdivision (c)(2)(B)(ii)(II) of Code Section 48-7-40.3. Each employee for whom an employer receives credit against such employer’s quarterly or monthly payment under Code Section 48-7-103 shall receive credit against his or her income tax liability under Code Section 48-7-20 for the corresponding taxable year for the full amount which would be credited against such liability prior to the application of the credit provided for in this paragraph. Credits against quarterly or monthly payments under Code Section 48-7-103 and credits against liability under Code Section 48-7-20 established by this subparagraph shall not constitute income to the employee; provided, however, that credit allowed and used pursuant to subdivision (II) of this division and pursuant to subdivision (c)(2)(B)(ii)(II) of Code Section 48-7-40.3 shall not exceed $10 million in aggregate for all taxpayers for any calendar year. The commissioner shall establish an application process to ensure that the $10 million aggregate maximum and the $1 million per taxpayer maximum are not exceeded. If applications for such credit exceed $10 million for the calendar year, the commissioner shall allow for the credit to be applied to all eligible applicants in prorated amounts among such applicants, not to exceed $10 million for the calendar year.
(C) The sale, merger, acquisition, or bankruptcy of any taxpayer shall not create new eligibility in any succeeding taxpayer, but any unused credit may be transferred and continued by any transferee of the taxpayer;
(D) The automatic repeal of paragraph (2.1) of this subsection on December 31, 2024, shall not impair or affect a taxpayer’s ability or right to apply an unused credit for a taxable year after December 31, 2024, that such taxpayer accrued pursuant to and under the conditions of said paragraph prior to its automatic repeal.
(2.1) (A) Any credit claimed prior to January 1, 2020, pursuant to this Code section by a taxpayer that remains unused by such taxpayer may be applied pursuant to subparagraph (B) of this paragraph for any taxable year beginning on or after January 1, 2020, for which such credit may be carried forward pursuant to paragraph (2) of this subsection provided that within a single taxable year beginning on or after January 1, 2020, such taxpayer:
(i) Maintains within rural counties at least 100 full-time employee jobs as such term is defined in Code Section 48-7-40.24; and
(ii) Purchases or acquires at least $5 million of qualified investment property for manufacturing or telecommunications facilities within rural counties.
(B) Subject to the requirements established by subparagraph (A) of this paragraph, a taxpayer may elect to apply such credit that has been carried forward as allowed pursuant to division (ii) of subparagraph (B) of paragraph (2) of this Code section.
(C) (i) Qualified investment property purchased or acquired in connection with division (ii) of subparagraph (A) of this paragraph may be eligible for credit granted under subsection (b) of this Code section, provided that the conditions for such credit are met independently of this paragraph. Any such new credit earned shall be applied as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection.
(ii) For the taxable year in which the jobs that are required to be maintained in division (i) of subparagraph (A) of this subsection are maintained, such jobs shall not be eligible to be used or claimed as the basis for any other tax credit or benefit allowed by state law.
(D) This paragraph shall not extend the carry forward period for any credit.
(E) This paragraph shall stand repealed by operation of law on the last moment of December 31, 2024;
(3) In the initial year in which the taxpayer claims the credit granted in subsection (b) of this Code section, the taxpayer shall include in the description of the project required by subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1) of this subsection, information which demonstrates that the project includes the acquisition of qualified investment property having an aggregate cost in excess of the amount required by paragraph (1) of this subsection;
(4) Any lease for a period of five years or longer of any real or personal property used in a new or expanded manufacturing or telecommunications facility which would otherwise constitute qualified investment property shall be treated as the purchase or acquisition of qualified investment property by the lessee. The taxpayer may treat the full value of the leased property as qualified investment property in the taxable year in which the lease becomes binding on the lessor and the taxpayer if all other conditions of this subsection have been met; and
(5) The utilization of the credit granted in subsection (b) of this Code section shall have no effect on the taxpayer’s ability to claim depreciation for tax purposes on the assets acquired by the taxpayer, nor shall the credit have any effect on the taxpayer’s basis in such assets for the purpose of depreciation.
(d) No taxpayer shall be authorized to claim on a tax return for a given project the credit provided for in this Code section if such taxpayer claims on such tax return any of the credits authorized under Code Section 48-7-40 or 48-7-40.1. History. Code 1981, § 48-7-40.2, enacted by Ga. L. 1994, p. 928, § 4; Ga. L. 1995, p. 10, § 48; Ga. L. 1995, p. 585, § 2; Ga. L. 1996, p. 220, § 5; Ga. L. 1997, p. 461, § 3; Ga. L. 1998, p. 1224, § 3; Ga. L. 2019, p. 661, § 3-1/HB 224; Ga. L. 2021, p. 922, § 48/HB 497. The 2019 amendment, effective June 1, 2019, inserted a comma following “form” in the middle of paragraph (a)(1); inserted a comma following “to” in the first sentence of paragraph (a)(3); added paragraph (a)(7); inserted the second occurrence of “a” near the middle of the first sentence of subsection (b); added the proviso at the end of the second sentence of paragraph (c)(1); redesignated the first and second sentences of paragraph (c)(2) as subparagraphs (c)(2)(A) and (c)(2)(B), respectively, added the division (c)(2)(B)(i) designation and added division (c)(2)(B)(ii), and redesignated the third sentence as subparagraph (c)(2)(C); added subparagraph (c)(2)(D); added paragraph (c)(2.1); in paragraph (c)(3), inserted a comma following “subsection” in the middle, substituted “the amount required by paragraph (1) of this subsection” for “$50,000.00” at the end; and, in subsection (d), deleted the paragraph (1) designation, substituted “No taxpayer” for “Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, no taxpayer” at the beginning, and deleted former paragraph (d)(2), which read: “For taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 1995, and ending on or prior to December 31, 1998, a taxpayer shall be authorized to claim on a tax return for a given project the credit provided for in this Code section and to claim, if otherwise qualified under Code Section 48-7-40, the tax credit applicable to tier 1 counties under Code Section 48-7-40, subject to the following limitations: “(A) Not less than 250 new full-time employee jobs must be created in the first taxable year and maintained through the end of the third taxable year in which the taxpayer claims both credits as authorized under this paragraph; and “(B) An otherwise qualified taxpayer shall not be entitled to receive the additional tax credit authorized under Code Section 36-62-5.1 in any taxable year in which that taxpayer claims both of the tax credits as authorized under this paragraph.” See Editor’s notes for applicability. The 2021 amendment, effective May 10, 2021, part of an Act to revise, modernize, and correct the Code, revised punctuation in paragraph (a)(3). Editor’s notes. Ga. L. 1994, p. 928, § 1, not codified by the General Assembly, provides: “This Act shall be known and may be cited as the ‘Georgia Business Expansion Support Act of 1994.’ ” Ga. L. 1994, p. 928, § 8, not codified by the General Assembly, provides that the 1994 amendment “shall be applicable to all taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 1994.” Ga. L. 1995, p. 585, § 10, not codified by the General Assembly, provides that the 1995 amendment “shall be applicable to all taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 1995.” Ga. L. 1996, p. 220, § 11, not codified by the General Assembly, provides that the 1996 amendment “shall be applicable to all taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 1996.” Ga. L. 1997, p. 461, § 10, not codified by the General Assembly, provides that the 1997 amendment “shall be applicable to all taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 1997.” Ga. L. 2019, p. 661, § 4-1/HB 224 not codified by the General Assembly, provides that Parts II and III of this Act “shall be applicable to taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2020.”