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that s/he is a parent whose child was abused by the applicant's spouse or parent, or a member of the spouse's or parent's family living in the same household. (In this situation, the parent does not have to have been abused. Also, the applicant must not have participated in the abuse of the child.) The abuse suffered by the applicant may be physical, sexual, emotional, or mental. Abuse could include, for example, being the victim of any act or threatened act of violence, including any forceful detention, which results in physical or mental injury. Psychological or sexual abuse or exploitation, including intimidation, threats, rape or forced prostitution, shall be considered acts of violence. Other abusive actions may also be acts of violence. Acts or threats that may not initially appear abusive may be part of an overall pattern of abuse. Applicants may submit any credible evidence of abuse. Examples of acceptable documentation include, but are not limited to, any of the following: a signed and sworn affidavit testifying to the abuse, reports and affidavits from witnesses, family members, judges, police, social workers, counselors, clergy, and school officials. In the absence of any other documentation, a signed and sworn affidavit testifying to the abuse is sufficient. Establishing abuse is a prerequisite to qualify for certain immigration remedies such as a self-petition for an immigrant visa filed on the basis of abuse or cancelation of removal/suspension of deportation filed on the basis of abuse. (These remedies are discussed below). Therefore, immigrants who have approved or pending prima facie cases for these particular immigration remedies should be presumed to have established abuse. (The term 'prima facie' means that, on its face, the document appears to establish eligibility for the relief sought.)