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A. An intentional program violation shall be established only if an administrative disqualification hearing official or a court of appropriate jurisdiction has found a household member has committed an intentional program violation or fraud or if a signed waiver of administrative hearing or a signed disqualification consent agreement has been obtained. B. For purposes of determining, through administrative disqualification hearings, whether a person has committed an IPV, the determination shall be based upon whether the person intentionally: 1. Made a false or misleading statement, or misrepresented, concealed, or withheld facts; or, 2. Committed any act that constitutes a violation of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008, as amended, these SNAP rules, Federal SNAP regulations, or any state statute for the purpose of using, presenting, transferring, acquiring, receiving, possessing, or trafficking of SNAP benefits, authorization cards or reusable documents as part of an automated benefit delivery system access device. “Intentionally” means a false representation of a material fact with knowledge of that falsity, or omission of a material fact with knowledge of that omission. C. The determination of IPV/fraud shall be based upon clear and convincing evidence that demonstrates that the household member(s) committed and intended to commit IPV. “Clear and convincing” means evidence which is stronger than a “preponderance of evidence” and which is unmistakable and free from serious or substantial doubt. D. The same act of IPV/fraud repeated over a period of time shall not be separated so that separate disqualification periods can be imposed. E. The burden of proving IPV/fraud is with the local office. F. Disqualification periods shall be imposed based on the following: 1. Administrative Disqualification Hearing (ADH) If an IPV/fraud is determined through an ADH, the individual must be notified in writing once it is determined that they are to be disqualified. The disqualification period shall begin no later than the second month which follows the date the individual receives written notice of the disqualification. 2. Waiver of an ADH If an IPV/fraud is determined through the client signing a waiver of an administrative disqualification hearing form, then the period of disqualification shall begin with the first month which follows the date the household member receives written notification of the disqualification. 3. Court Decisions If an individual is determined through a court to be disqualified for an IPV/fraud, but the date for initiating the disqualification period is not specified, the local office shall initiate the disqualification period for currently eligible individuals within forty-five (45) calendar days of the date the disqualification was ordered. Any other court-imposed disqualification shall begin within forty-five (45) calendar days of the date the court found a currently eligible individual guilty of civil or criminal misrepresentation or fraud. 4. Disqualification Consent Agreements Unless contrary to the court order, the period of disqualification shall begin within forty- five (45) calendar days from the date the household member signed the disqualification consent agreement. However, if the court imposes a disqualification period or specifies the date for initiating the disqualification period, the state department shall disqualify the household member in accordance with the court order.